Ray Bradbury Research Paper Essay

Ray Douglas Bradbury was born in Waukegan, Illinois, on August 22, 1920. He is the son of Leonard Spaulding Bradbury and Esther Marie Moberg Bradbury. Ray attended Los Angeles High School. He was active in the drama club and planned to be an actor. Bradbury’s formal education ended with his high school graduation in 1938. However, he continued to educate himself by spending his nights in the library. One of Bradbury’s best-known works, Fahrenheit 451, was released in 1953. It is set in the future in which a totalitarian government has banned the written word. Today, Ray and Maggie Bradbury continue to live in Los Angeles. Ray Bradbury still writes daily and occasionally lectures. At an age when most men rest on their laurels, Bradbury remains a dynamic storyteller and contributor of â€Å"obvious answers to impossible futures.†(Jepsen and Johnson 4) Ray Bradbury’s writing style has always been known to be poetic without being pretentious; it communicates abstract ideas with layman terms and engages our senses. (Ray Bradbury Board) I enjoy Bradbury’s use of irony in stories, but especially in A Sound of Thunder when the killing of a butterfly changes all of civilization. The short story is about this wealthy man named Eckles who pays this time traveling company to take him back to prehistoric times, so he can hunt for a dinosaur. These dinosaurs have been selected because a previous survey indicated that they would die very soon anyway. Although this supposedly gets around the ripple effect, it quite obviously does not—a flaw in logic that Bradbury himself undoubtedly recognized. â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† is about a wealthy man who has purchased a spot in a hunting trip named Eckles. The time traveling company doesn’t want diseases brought to the past, so they will wear environmental suits and they will also be required to walk on an elevated platform. Bradbury provides an excellent description of the ripple effect, showing how one minor change can multiply over thousands of generations until it has the potential to change the world beyond recognition. Only marked dinosaurs are allowed to be killed. Surveys are conducted to see which dinosaurs should be marked and would die naturally anyway. Then, Eckles panics from seeing a tyrannosaurus appear, thus falling off the platform. The creature is dead, but the guide is still angry because Eckles could have changed the future. Before they traveled back in time, a heated election ends with a would-be dictator losing, but upon returning, there are few changes in the room, which the group notices as differences for reasons that Bradbury never explains. The most profound difference is that the election outcome is different. The alteration of history occurred because, when Eckles left the path, he inadvertently stepped on and killed a butterfly. (Don D’Ammassa 1) When reading A Sound of Thunder, I noticed parts when Bradbury used foreshadowing. One example of foreshadowing in Bradbury’s short story is Lesperance’s explanation to Eckles on the dangers of small changes in the past having catastrophic effects on the future foreshadow the changes that occur. The constant warnings to stay off the path indicate that Eckles will leave the path. Another archetype of foreshadowing is when Eckles says, â€Å"Does this safari guarantee I come back alive?† They reply, â€Å"We guarantee nothing!† This in my opinion gives me the idea that the safari must be quite dangerous and anyone doing such an activity needs a plethora of courage. There are many examples of foreshadowing in A Sound of Thunder. Ray Bradbury remains a dynamic storyteller and contributor of â€Å"obvious answers to impossible futures.†(Jepsen and Johnson 4) He writes stories in compelling ways that involve very complex ideas and he makes it simple to understand while still being in an intelligent way. One particular quote Bradbury has stated that I enjoy is, â€Å"Every morning I jump out of bed and step on a landmine. The landmine is me. After the explosion, I spent the rest of the day putting the pieces together.†(Ray Bradbury Quote 1) Bradbury’s use of irony is probably one of his most famous writing traits; along with his way of being poetic, without being pretentious. In conclusion, Ray Bradbury will go down in history as one of the most famed science fiction writers of all time; even though, he never considered himself a science fiction writer. How ironic? Sources Page D’Ammassa, Don â€Å"A Sound of Thunder Encyclopedia of Science Fiction: Facts on File, Inc., 2005 Chris Jepsen, and Richard Johnson. Facts about Ray Bradbury: www.spaceagecity.com/bradbury/bio.htm Ray Bradbury: Xplore Inc, 2012. http://www.brainyquote.com/quote/authors/r/ray_bradbury.html Ray Brabury Message Board: http://www.raybradbury.com/ubb/Forum1 /HTML/000463.html Bleiler, Richard Science Fiction Writers: 2nd ed. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons Mittnacht, Veronica 10 Things you didn’t know about Ray Bradbury: http://flavorwire.come/106189/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-ray-bradbury

Foreign Direct Investment: Starbucks Case Essay

Requirements:The case should address all the questions provided plus any additional issues the group members feel are pertinent to the case and include a comprehensive update on the company’s situation since the time of the case. The case should be written up and presented in case format: scenario, problem to be solved or decision to be made, alternatives with the pros and cons of each and finally the recommendation with the accompanying rationale. Foreign Direct Investment: Starbucks Case Background General Thirty years ago Starbucks was a single store in Seattle’s Pike Place Market selling premium roasted coffee. Today it is a global roaster and retailer of coffee with over 7,000 stores in U.S. and outside U.S. Starbucks Co. set out on its current course in the 1980s when the company’s director of marketing came back from a trip to Italy enchanted with the Italian coffeehouse experience. Schultz persuaded the company’s owner to experiment with the coffeehouse format-and the Starbucks’ experience was born. The basic strategy was to sell the company’s own premium roasted coffee, along with freshly brewed espresso-style coffee beverages, a variety of pastries, coffee accessories, teas, and other products, in a tastefully designed coffeehouse setting. The company also stressed providing superior customer service. Reasoning that motivated employees provide the best customer service, Starbucks’ executives devoted a lot of attention to employee hiring and training programs and progressive compensation policies that gave even part-time employees stock option grants and medical benefits. The formula met with spectacular success in the United States, where Starbucks went from obscurity to one of the best known brands in the country in a decade. (Hill, 2003) The Company’s objective is to establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world. Starbucks purchases and roasts high-quality  whole bean coffees and sells them along with fresh, rich-brewed, Italian style espresso beverages, a variety of pastries and confections, and coffee-related accessories and equipment — primarily through its company-operated retail stores. In addition to sales through our company-operated retail stores, Starbucks sells whole bean coffees through a specialty sales group and supermarkets. Additionally, Starbucks produces and sells bottled Frappuccino ® coffee drink and a line of premium ice creams through its joint venture partnerships and offers a line of innovative premium teas produced by its wholly owned subsidiary, Tazo Tea Company. The Company divides its operation into two segments, United States and International, each of which include Company-operated retail stores and Specialty Operations. 1.Company-operated Retail Stores The Company’s retail goal is to become the leading retailer and brand of coffee in each of its target markets by selling the finest quality coffee and related products and by providing superior customer service, thereby building a high degree of customer loyalty. Starbucks strategy for expanding its retail business is to increase its market share in existing markets primarily by opening additional stores and to open stores in new markets where the opportunity exists to become the leading specialty coffee retailer. All Starbucks stores offer a choice of regular and decaffeinated coffee beverages, a broad selection of Italian-style espresso beverages, cold blended beverages, iced shaken refreshment beverages and a selection of teas and distinctively packaged roasted whole bean coffees. Starbucks stores also offer a selection of fresh pastries and other food items, sodas, juices, coffee-making equipment and accessories, a selection of compact discs, games and seasonal novelty items. Each Starbucks store varies its product mix depending upon the size of the store and its location. Larger stores carry a broad selection of the Company’s whole bean coffees in various sizes and types of packaging, as well as an assortment of coffee and espresso-making equipment and accessories such as coffee grinders, coffeemakers, coffee  filters, storage containers, travel tumblers and mugs. Smaller Starbucks stores and kiosks typically sell a full line of coffee beverages, a limited selection of whole bean coffees and a few accessories such as travel tumblers and logo mugs. Approximately 1,200 stores carry a selection of â€Å"grab and go† sandwiches and salads. During fiscal 2003, the Company’s retail sales mix by product type was comprised of approximately 78% beverages, 12% food items, 5% whole bean coffees and 5% coffee-making equipment and accessories. 2.Specialty Operations Starbucks Specialty Operations strive to develop the Starbucks brand outside the Company-operated retail store environment through a number of channels. Starbucks strategy is to reach customers where they work, travel, shop and dine by establishing relationships with prominent third parties that share the Company’s values and commitment to quality. These relationships take various forms including licensing arrangements, foodservice accounts and other initiatives related to the Company’s core businesses. In certain situations, Starbucks has an equity ownership interest in licensee operations. During fiscal 2003, specialty revenues (which include royalties and fees from licensees as well as product sales derived from Specialty Operations) accounted for approximately 15% of total net revenues. Go International The US coffee-bar market may be reaching saturation. Further, Starbucks’ store base is also maturing, leading to a slowdown in the growth of unit volume and firm profitability. In response, Starbucks has turned its attention to foreign markets for continued growth. Objective Starbucks mission for international development is to be a global company, making a difference in peoples’ lives by leveraging our brand and the coffee experience to foster human connections. The Starbucks Experience is about  passion for a quality product, excellent customer service, and people. The Company’s objective is to establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world. To achieve this goal, the company plans to continue rapid expansion of its retail operations, to grow its Specialty Operations and to selectively pursue other opportunities to leverage the Starbucks brand through the introduction of new products and the development of new channels of distribution. In doing global business, Starbucks greatly consider local culture as mentioned by Howard Schultz that Starbucks remain highly respectful of the culture and traditions of the countries in which we do business. Starbucks also recognizes that its success is not an entitlement, and Starbucks must continue to earn the trust and respect of customers every day. Entry Mode In 1995, the firm established a subsidiary called Starbucks Coffee International Inc. This group is responsible for all Starbucks business development outside North America, including developing new businesses, financing and planning stores, managing operations and logistics, merchandising, and training and developing Starbucks’ international managers. Starbucks’ first non-North American store was opened in 1996 in Tokyo. Starbucks initially used licensing agreement for its global strategy. Because Starbucks wanted to control business strategy in Japan market, it changed the strategy by establishing joint venture with a local retailer, Sazaby, Inc. Then, Starbucks licensed its business format to the joint venture company. After entering into the Japanese market, Starbucks increased the pace of international expansion significantly. In 1998, Starbucks acquired Seattle Coffee Company in the United Kingdom, a chain with more than 60 retail locations. That same year, it opened stores in Taiwan, Thailand, New Zealand, and Malaysia. In 1999, Starbucks opened in China (Beijing), Kuwait,  South Korea, and Lebanon. In 2000, it entered another seven markets (China – Hong Kong and Shanghai, Dubai, Australia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain). It added three markets in 2001 (Switzerland, Israel, and Austria). In 2002, another nine markets were opened (Oman, Spain, Indonesia, Germany, Southern China – Macau and Shenzhen, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Greece). In Asia, the most common strategy used by Starbucks was under licensing agreement. But due to similar reason such as in Japan, Starbucks converted licensing format to joint venture or wholly owned subsidiaries. Thailand, for example, Starbucks acquired its licensee operator to gain control over the expansion strategy in Thailand. In South Korea, Starbucks chose to use joint venture. However, Starbucks development strategy adapts to different markets addressing local needs and requirements. They currently use three business strategies: Joint ventures Licenses Company-owned operations As of At fiscal year end 2003, the Company had a total of 1,257 licensed retail stores in 28 countries managed by the Company’s international divisions and located as follows: Asia-Pacific (9 countries) 968 Europe/Middle East/Africa (13 countries) 176 Americas (6 countries) 113 Total1.257 Results Starbucks is well on its way to becoming a global brand. According to Business Week The Starbucks name and image connect with millions of consumers around the globe. It was one of the fastest-growing brands in a Business Week survey of the top 100 global brands published August 5 [2002]. But becoming a global company is not without risks. Global expansion poses huge risks for Starbucks. For one thing, it makes less money on each overseas store because most of them are operated with local partners. While that makes it easier to start up on foreign turf, it reduces the company’s share of the profits to only 20% to 50%.† The Company’s financial performance is highly dependent upon the retail operations of the United States operating segment. The Company’s International operating segment (excluding Canada) is not currently profitable, and its international stores and licensees may not be successful in their operations or in achieving expected growth. Some factors critical to the success of the Company’s international stores and licensees are different than those affecting the United States stores and licensees. The economies of a number of the international markets in which Starbucks and its licensees operate have been weak in recent years. Tastes naturally vary by region, and consumers in the new international markets into which Starbucks and its licensees expand may not embrace products and services to the same extent as consumers in the Company’s existing United States markets. Occupancy costs and store operating expenses are sometimes higher internationally than in the United States due to higher rents for prime, inner-city store locations or due to local laws that make it more expensive to retain or terminate employees. The Company’s International operations are also subject to the inherent risks of foreign currency fluctuations and changes in economic, social and political conditions. Because the Company’s International operations are in an early phase of development and have country-specific regulatory requirements, they require a more comprehensive field organization, compared to the United States, to provide resources and respond to the business needs in each region. Though international total net revenues increased by $142.4 million, or 30.9%, to International specialty revenues increased $26.1 million, or 28.1%, to $119.1million in fiscal 2003, excluding Canadian operations, operating losses increased by 11.1% to $18.5 million in fiscal 2003, compared to an operating loss of $16.7 million in fiscal 2002. Recommendations Alternative Starbucks can simply choose licensing for all international expansion. This method will reduce possibility that company absorbs operating loss from business partners. By licensing its format, Starbucks gain license fees and royalty from licensee. Another benefit is that license agreement requires relatively low initial investment for company. This will greatly improve company cash flow. However, behind the some benefits, licensing also has disadvantages. Company can not hope tight control over licensee for business strategy or marketing. For company like Starbucks which has aggressive business passion, license agreement doesn’t provide sufficient freedom to develop potential market. Another reason is that company know-how need to be delivered. Starbucks has competitive advantage in valuable management knowledge related to branding and operations of retail coffee stores. The other reason is that licensing opens possibility for potential foreign company’s competitors to learn about company’s know-how. Recommendations Though Starbucks triumphed in North American, the other international segment hasn’t significantly contributed to Starbucks’ income yet. This was partially contributed by International’s proportionate share of net losses in Starbucks Japan reporting an annual net loss of $3.87 million. Japan market is a good example. With 486 stores, it is easy to find Starbucks  logo in Japan, the site of its biggest expansion outside the US. The issue worrying investors is over saturation. Starbucks are vying for too few customers in Japan where also has so many coffee shops. Starbucks should consider about its strategy for international market. In U.S. and Canada market, the strategy to blanket an area completely, even if the stores cannibalize one another’s business, might be applicable. But for each international market, which has unique regional and community acceptance, the strategy shouldn’t be so aggressive. Furthermore, Starbucks should address local taste in every region. For example, in Asia country such in Japan and China, people have more long experience to drink tea rather than coffee. Therefore, demands on coffee beverages in those regions are different from market in North America. Starbucks should also setup a standardized methodology to select markets for entry or further expansion. In addition, Starbucks should investigate further to identify which investment approach is the best in the intended market because the market environment is changing. A certain investment approach maybe is not suitable for a market anymore. By joint venture as an investment approach, Starbucks has tight control over business strategy in a certain country. In other hand, the consequence of joint venture approach is that Starbucks has to absorb proportionately when the joint venture company suffers loss. Update Starbucks enter France One of the traditional of French cafe life – the small, china cup of strong, black coffee – is under assault from a giant of American cultural globalization. France’s first Starbucks coffeehouse opened on January, 2004, giving Parisians a smoke-free – but generally more expensive (An espresso at a counter of a French cafe typically sets you back $1.25, while a shot of coffee costs $2 at Starbucks and a medium caramel frappuccino, for example, goes for $5.62.). Starbucks offers a new cafà © atmosphere which will sweep  away a centuries-old addiction to espresso coffee and croissants in a noisy cafe spiced with the smoke of Gauloise. In the world’s cafe capital, the Seattle-based chain has much the same feel as anywhere else: there are comfortable sofas, and the soundtrack is jazz music and frappuccinos in the blender. However, with an increasing number of young French people living and traveling abroad, the company hopes its concept of bright, friendly coffee bars will find a warm welcome among those who dislike grumpy barmen and cigarette smoke. Starbucks is confident that a younger generation holds the key to financial success, but the figures show that even they haven’t completely abandoned the idea of corner cafes. Only 15 percent of clients to French coffee bars have their coffee to take away. The rest prefer to take a seat and drink it there. Reference Starbucks website. www.starbucks.com Charles W. L. Hill. International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace – 4th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin, 2003 â€Å"Starbucks Corporation: Competing in a Global Market†. UW Business School. April 7, 2003 Starbucks 10-K Report. SEC Fillings. September 28, 2003. â€Å"Planet Starbucks.† Business Week. September 9, 2002. p.102 â€Å"Trouble brewing for Starbucks in Japan†. Bloomberg. June 11 2003. http://www.theage.com.au Ian Messer.†Japan’s coffee shops spill over†. Bloomberg News. May 21, 2003 Caroline Wyatt. â€Å"Starbucks invades Parisian cafe culture†. January 15, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk.

Analysis of Prompt and Utter Destruction

He contends that because of their lack of knowledge of the actual damage that the force of the explosion would cause, that American politicians including President Truman made a decision based on certain assumptions. Now to address the query, was the assault on Japan with atomic bombs necessary? Samuel J. Walker had always been intrigued by the history surrounding the decision to assail Japan with the use of the atomic bombs. He was so fascinated that he made it a personal assignment to conduct research on the issue in his own time. Walker did not do so as part of his obligation as the historian for the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. His research reveals that President Truman came into presidency without any absolute knowledge of what was occurring on the part of the United States in the war effort. In addition, the Manhattan Project (the title given to the engineering team that was developing the atomic bomb by Roosevelt) was almost a complete enigma to Truman when he entered his term as President (13). As President, Truman was concerned with ending the war as soon as possible in order to reduce the loss of American troops. It is logical to conclude that any leader would be concerned with the sacrifice of life affecting their country; however, abiding by moral principles must also be considered. The bomb was considered by the American government to be the quickest and most effective way to end the war at the time, in addition to lowering the cost of American lives (36). The reason that the atomic bomb was considered to be very effective was because it had the capability to wipe out an entire city, including troops, men, women, and children. Would an act of this capacity be considered as moral? Scholars dispute the morality of Truman’s decision, some arguing it was warranted by Japan’s aggression and refusal to surrender, and other scholars suggesting that the assaults were the moral equivalent of the Nazi holocaust (109). I postulate that to annihilate an entire city of people in one fell swoop is something that neither man nor nation should be able to decide, even if they conceive the other party to be deserving of such a punishment in retribution for their actions. In addition to the desire to end the war and thus the casualties to the American troops, Truman had other reasons for considering the approval of the atomic attacks. Truman was enlightened by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson in a meeting on April 25, 1945 on the capability of the bomb, and the enormous expense incurred in developing it. This was one reason that Truman’s conclusion was to use the bomb against Japan, as there had to be a justifiable explanation for the expense incurred. Also, if he had not employed the use of the atomic bomb, he would not be able to justify to the American people why he had chosen not to do so, as there were so many American lives lost. It was alleged after the atomic assaults on Japan the decision to carry out the attacks was made in order to prevent as many as 500,000 to 1 million American casualties or deaths. However, there has been no proof provided that Truman received any information that an invasion on Japan would cause that number of casualties (39). Learning that the presentation of the number of estimated casualties was skewed to ensure a favourable opinion from the majority of the American public solidifies my opinion that the atomic assaults were unnecessary. If they had been necessary, why not be forthcoming about the lesser estimation of casualties? Yet another reason that Truman and his cabinet decided to attack is that American relations with the Soviet Union during that time were becoming strained. It was important to the American government to strengthening the United States’ ties to the Soviet Union. The desire for amicable relations with the Soviet Union was a factor in the conclusion to use the bombs against Japan (95). At the time, the Soviet Union was preparing to declare war against Japan, and joining them or preceding them in the war would apparently strengthen the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States. The opinion was that the United States was a stronger power and that the Soviet Union would not be able to defeat Japan without U. S. intervention (41). However, with the Soviet Union and the United States working together, Japan would most likely be defeated in a short amount of time, making the atomic assaults on Japan even more unnecessary. Regardless of the option to partner with the Soviet Union, the United States decided to act alone in their attacks. Finally, the most pressing reason that the government and Truman argued that they had to use the bombs was the sentiment of outrage that the American public harboured over the attack on Pearl Harbour and their resulting fury if something had not been done in retaliation to that horrific event (20). In all honesty the American public would have been assuaged with a victory no matter the means by which it was achieved. The American government was fully aware of the fact that there would be civilian casualties, in addition to the soldiers and sailors of Japan (62). Preservation of the lives of the innocent is of the utmost importance. The American government had pronounced that there would be hundreds of thousands of American lives saved due to the bombings, but later statements by Truman stated the numbers to be in the â€Å"thousands†, which coincided with actual estimates from the military in the summer of 1945 (93). Truman and the government opted to save thousands of American soldier’s lives, and kill hundreds of thousands of innocent Japanese men, women and children. In addition to all of the reasons the American government had for dropping the bombs on Japan, they came to the conclusion that there were not any viable reasons presented against doing the atomic assaults which outweighed the reasons in favour of dropping them. However, there were other options for the American government to proceed with in order to secure a victory. There was a planned invasion on Kyushu as well as continued aerial bombings and blockades (36). It is understandable that the American government would want to appease the American public, secure relations with the Soviet Union, justify the expense of developing the bomb, and reduce the cost of American lives, however; the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was horrendous and morally detestable. The sheer volume of innocent lives lost due to the bombs, as well as the agony caused by the radioactive material, was most assuredly not justified. There would have definitely been many more American troops lost if the bombs were not dropped, but I do not agree that it justifies killing innocent men, women, and children on such a large scale. I particularly enjoyed the way that Walker states it -â€Å"The fundamental question that has triggered debate about Trumans decision since shortly after the end of World War II is, Was the bomb necessary? In view of the evidence now available, the answer is yes . . . and no. Yes, the bomb was necessary to end the war at the earliest possible moment. And yes, the bomb was necessary to save the lives of American troops, perhaps numbering in the several thousands. But no, the bomb was probably not necessary to end the war within a fairly short time without an invasion of Japan. And no, the bomb was not necessary to save the lives of  hundreds  of thousands of American troops† (97). Bibliography Walker, Samuel J. Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the use of atomic bombs against Japan. 1997. eBook.

Theatre Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theatre - Research Paper Example Gabrielle as Laurey played the role with good and balanced qualities of naivety and intelligence. Shuler Hensley depicted Jud Fry’s character at its best. He started out as a fairly sorry and miserable person but slowly revealed his true character, one who is full of rage. In terms of their vocal capabilities, the three actors were excellent. Gabrielle’s voice was lovely and has beautiful voice and range. Hugh Jackman’s powerful voice and stage presence kept everyone’s attention to the play. Henley’s portrayal of Jud with his passionate voice allowed the audience to like him as well as despise him. The supporting casts were not also outdone in the play. Maureen Lipman stood out as the classic established matriarch who portrayed Aunt Eller. She depicted cleverness, tenderness and hardness due to what she went through in her life. Jimmy Johnston and Vicki Simon were good but quite conservative in their versions as Will Parker and Ado Annie. Pollycarpou’s portrayal of Ali Hakim was a bit of a setback since he sounded more of a New Yorker rather than a Middle Easterner. 2. Musical Theatre: a. This play is, obviously, a musical. In class we discussed how musical theatre lives somewhere outside of realism, but also outside of anti-realism. What is realistic in this play? What isnt? Oklahoma showcased the love stories of Curly McLain and Laurey Williams and Will Parker and Ado Annie which took place in Oklahoma. The story of the musical depicted the role of money, power and fear in marriage, and true love in real life. In earlier times, marriages can be bought with money and power. Wealthy people can have to power to choose and buy the women they want to marry. Jud Fry used his money and power to win the love of the one he was obsessed with, Laurey. In the case of Will Parker, he cannot marry his fiancà ©e Ado Annie if he cannot pay for $50 to Andrew Carnes, Ado’s father. Power and fear also have important roles in marriages before. Not every woman

Austin Community College Enrollment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Austin Community College Enrollment - Term Paper Example With unemployment still at record high levels (Baker and Hassett), many job hunters go back to study postsecondary education in order to gain advantage over other applicants. Moreover, because greater educational attainment is related with higher salaries and lower unemployment rates, the Department of Labor believes that promoting degree attainment will be beneficial for the country’s economy (DeAngelo et al. 3). However, it is important to note that there is an ongoing debate whether college education is truly a wise investment for those who are seeking to earn more. For example, a 2011 New York Times article says that the sour economy has affected everyone, many students in postsecondary schooling have decided to postpone their education, while there are even more whose careers have gone astray (Rampell). The story is pretty common. These days one would hear of a chemistry major tending a bar, or perhaps someone with a major in History manning the cashier at Wal-Mart. Even college graduates, those who were supposedly most protected from the economic recession (thanks to the massive student aids offered by the government) have a very bleak outlook. Studies have shown that 17% of college graduates work in restaurants and bars while median salary has decreased between 2009 and 2010. As the country’s economic outlook is far from improving, and the cost of education is increasing, this is an issue worth exploring. The aim of this project is to determine what factors affect the college enrollment in the United States. This study utilizes a time-series analysis with observations from 1969 to 2009 included. Data on education was taken from the National Center for Education Statistics while employment data was taken from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Data for income was derived from the calculations of the Bureau of Economic Analysis. The model (less constant and coefficients) for this analysis is: COLLEGE ENROLL = GRAD + AVG_ INCOME+%UNEMP The result or dependent variable, COL_ENROLL includes the total number of first-time freshmen who enrolled from the fall of 1969 to fall of 2009. It is calculated using the number of bachelor degrees conferred by higher education institutions, and expected post-graduation experiences (with unemployment and disposable income as proxy variables). GRAD, the first independent variable, represents the total number of bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree granting institutions. This data is compiled by the National Center for Education Statistics and it is vital because it shows how many students were retained by the school. Lesser number of bachelor’s degree holder can be used as an indicator of an institution’s quality of education (DeAngelo et al.). Moreover, low retention rates can mean that tuition fees are too high for students, and financial assistance is unavailable. The importance of utilizing GRAD is that low completion rates mean that there are more unskilled worker s in the labor force, which in turn can cause loss of efficiency and increased cost for training for hiring firms. AVG_INCOME is the disposable personal income received by all types of employees in the United States. It is seasonally adjusted at annual rates and indexed at 2005 dollars. This data has been utilizes because income has been a significant incentive for workers to become part or to remain part of the workforce. Moreover, the

Learning Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning Styles - Essay Example The score of 3b means that I am a fairly well-balanced individual on the two dimensions of the scale. According to this result, I can learn best as either a visual or a verbal learner. Visual learners are good at remembering best what they see as opposed to verbal learners who work best with words. Visual learners prefer the use of diagrams, timelines, pictures, films, flow charts and demonstrations in order to grasp what is being taught. On the other hand, verbal learners make the best of their learning when written and spoken explanations are made (LeFever, 1995). Being a fairly well-balanced type of learner, I have the qualities of both a visual and a verbal learner. I can, therefore, fit in well in any of the above two teaching environments.I believe these results are quite accurate since I have experienced a positive result while learning in the above two kinds of environments. I also believe that I have an upper hand compared to most students who fall on either side of the scal e since I can be able to adapt to any teaching environment I fall under. ConclusionAfter taking the test and scoring a 3b, I am more confident on the type of learner I am due to the double advantage I possess of being able to learn in both a verbal and a visual environment. College education being mostly in form of lectures, I will capitalize on my verbal learning strength by working in groups and trying to better my understanding by explaining teachings and concepts to other students.

Other topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Other topic - Essay Example Since earlier films were often limited by finances, actions and time, their production sometimes do not show the whole story. For instance, Stephen King’s â€Å"Christine† has several differences in the novel and the film. Changes in the story may either make it better or worse and in the case of King’s novel, perhaps due to time constraints, some omissions weakened the story. In the following paragraphs, changes in the movie such as the setting, Arnie’s physical description, the omissions of the characters of Sandy Galton, Buddy Repperton’s friend and Jimmy Sykes, Darnell’s character and the fight between a man and Arnie based from the novel will be discussed in relation to how they affected or not the story’s effectiveness. In the novel, the story is set in Pennsylvania while in the movie, it is in California. The difference in the setting does not make a strong effect on the story because the scenes were set in order to resemble at most the ones described in the story. Moreover, there are perhaps not many cultural or scenic differences between the two places that would have altered the story. In addition, King tells in his novel that Arnie is wears glasses and has pimples. As his friend Dennis describes him, â€Å"Arnie was pimple city† (3). In the movie, although the aforementioned character wears glasses, his face is pimple-free. However, the difference does not make any Arnie a better-looking character in the movie. He is, as depicted in the novel, still a teenager who is the picture of an easy target of the

Maybe, Maybe not Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Maybe, Maybe not - Essay Example INT. JOSEPH’S LIVING ROOM-NEXT DAY Joseph lays on his couch in his living room and tries to sleep. Xavier is on his cell talking to someone and telling about their lost stallion. He looks stressful. He’s constantly passing his hands through his air. Again there’s a noise outside the door and both men make their way towards the door. Xavier opens the door and sees the same group of neighbors. Behind them, he sees Rou together with wild mares. XAVIER Oh! Look, Dad, look. Rou is back. It’s with other horses too. He then runs towards the Rou, leaving all men behind him. ONE OF A NEIGHBOR Rou has returned and it has brought several horses with it. You’re blessed. What a lucky man you are. What a great luck. Wow! There’s no sign of amusement or happiness. He still looks so calm. He looks at his son, then Rou and then finally his gaze meets his neighbor. JOSEPH Maybe or maybe not. All the neighbors see him with surprise looks on their faces but nobody says a word. He shakes hand with all of them, closes the door and lies down on his couch again, trying to sleep. EXT. JOSEPH’S STABLE-TWO DAYS LATER The day is sunny with a bit of clouds making it pleasant. Xavier is in the stable. He’s surrounded by Rou and other four mares brought by Rou two days ago. The other four mares are wild and their height is greater than Rou but they are not trained. Xavier is training them. He’s trying to break one of the mares and suddenly she gets crazy and throws him on the ground. Xavier shouts in agony. His neighbors suddenly come and take him towards his house.

Standardized Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Standardized Testing - Essay Example A non-standardized test, on the other hand, is the opposite of a standardized test. This type of testing gives notably different tests to diverse test takers, or administers the same test under extensively different conditions. For instance, a non-standardized test might occur when one group is offered far less time to tackle the test than another group. It might also occur when one group evaluates a test differently than another group for instance when the same answer is regarded right for one scholar, but incorrect for another scholar. Standardized tests are considered as being fairer when compared to non-standardized tests (Butler & Stevens, 2009). The steadiness also permits more reliable contrast of outcomes across every test taker. Standardized tests, due to their fairness, should be regarded as the best way of testing English Language Learners. This paper will, hence, seek to support the argument that standardized tests are the best way of testing English Language Learners. Wh en it comes to English Language Learners, standardized testing should be considered as the best way of assessing their understanding (Coltrane, 2009). This is due to a lot of reasons that will be explained later in this paper. It is essential to discuss the pros and cons of standardized testing in order to understand the significance of standardized testing to English Language Learners. Standardized testing holds educators, schools, as well as their ELLs, accountable. Perhaps the best benefit of standardized testing is that educators and their respective schools are responsible for training their English Language Learners what they are needed to be familiar with for these standardized tests. This is mainly because these scores turn into public record and educators, as well as their respective schools, who do not perform as expected can come under severe scrutiny. This scrutiny might lead to losing of jobs and in some situations a school might be shut or run by the state (Coltrane, 2 009). Standardized testing also allows English Language Learners or ordinary students located in different districts, schools, or even states to be compared. If it were not for standardized testing, this contrast would not be possible. Students from public schools in Texas are all needed to do standardized tests at the same time, whether an ELL or not. This implies that a learner in Amarillo may be compared to a learner in Dallas. Being capable of accurately comparing data is priceless, and this is why that the Common Core Standards for each state have been developed. These will grant a more precise comparison between every state (Flores & Trumbull, 2002). Another advantage of using standardized testing with regards to English Language Learners is that standardized testing is naturally accompanied by a set of well-known standards or instructional framework that provide educators with help for when and what needs to be taught. Without this arrangement, a third grade tutor and a sixth grade educator could be teaching a similar content to their English Language Learners (Menken, 2008). Having this curriculum also keeps ELLs who shift from one district school to another from being far ahead or behind their new institution. Standardized tests are also objective in reality (Flores & Trumbull, 2002). Classroom grades set by a tutor are at the very least simply subjective in reality. Standardized tes

Evaluate the role of violence in the US counter-culture Essay

Evaluate the role of violence in the US counter-culture - Essay Example Jobs were plentiful and the advances in technology that were rapidly filling all the dreams of a consumerist society filled homes with products that were making life easier and creating a world in which survival was no longer the primary concern. As the ‘utopian’ nature of the new technologically advanced world began to move forward, however, many people needed to find new challenges outside of the needs of survival in order to motivate achievement. Some of those challenges included revolutionizing the culture and in the 1960’s, movements that worked towards emancipating the culture from oppressions that were suppressing the rights of women and those of minority races began to rise. In addition, the Vietnam conflict was providing a resource from which to galvanize many people towards looking at the government with a more critical eye. The war provided fuel for those who believed that the motivations of the government in the use of its people no longer represented the best interests of the nation. The time period of the 1960’s was framed by a society that was trying to find a way in which to best situate the culture in order to provide for the most enlightened version of the American ideals. Emancipating women, African Americans, Hispanics, the military, and even attitudes about sex seemed to be the way toward creating a society that no longer impressed upon some of its people oppression that prevented them from reaching their goals within the context of the ‘American dream’. What had seemed so perfect in the 1950’s was revealed for a facade that was hiding a plethora of social problems that could now be revealed as the freedoms that technology and the rise of the media presented an open door through which causes could stake their claims and make social revolutions out of injustices that were occurring. The media arts, such as literature and film, began to reflect the desires of those who were firmly situated in the counterculture revolutions of the period, expressing anger through violence. The expressions of violence created a sensationalized point of view, however, often galvanizing people in a direction that did not promote improvement of society but that incited anarchy. The connection between social revolution and violence in film and literature is defined by the shifts that can be observed in the cultural attitudes of the 1960’s and the 1970’s. Specific changes, especially and readily available in the example of film, provide a frame for understanding how society changed from a glossy representation of idealized values to a peeled back, raw version of social construction in which the flaws of the culture were finally exposed. In exposing those flaws, however, the artful representations became increasingly violent having an effect on the way in which some people would view the causes, some who were against those causes and others who were part of the movement. 2. Charles St arkweather In 1958 Charles Starkweather and his girlfriend Caril Anne Fugate, both teenagers with the girl being only fourteen, went on a murderous spree that shook the image of security that people of the United States had about their relationships with law, safety, and with the control that they felt that they had over their society. The late 1950’s represented a time in penal history where reforms were being considered as the nature of the criminal mind was discussed in terms of society’s responsibility in forming individuals who were inclined

Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Essay Example for Free

Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Essay The modern republics of Poland and Lithuania had been once been a single, strong nation known as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This commonwealth was established in 1569. Although there were other states in the commonwealth, none of them was as powerful as Poland. The nation was on the brink of success when the rest of Europe was ravaging in the famous thirty years war between 1618 and 1648. The Commonwealth noblemen had no desire to get involved in these wars and they were able defend the country against external attacks from the Germans, Russians and the Ottoman Turks (TLK). However, the commonwealth’s supremacy and stability did not last for long and there already were clear signs of decline by the mid 17th century. The main cause of the decline was wars that were fought within and outside the commonwealth. Thus, the weakened state could not hold itself together after these wars which ultimately led to its partition. The decline of Poland was basically evincible in the legislative body Sejm. The divergent systems of the parliament grew ineffective and inefficient at a time when the deputies went verbal asserting â€Å"Liberum Veto† which gave them excessive power over national resolutions. The country’s population had decreased by big proportions as a result of wars. This made it practically impossible for the nation to succeed in its wars against other nations, though they were able to defeat the Ottomans at Vienna. This was the last success realized by the commonwealth military (Davies 24). The Szlachta (noblemen) also diminished in their ability to influence others and consequentially depreciated in military vigor. In a myriad of situations they became impotent and viewed â€Å"veto† as the only remaining legislative symbol within the commonwealth (25). The Decline of the Commonwealth In 1648, the warlike Cossacks, with the support of Russia, upstaged a rebellion against Poland. Thus the Russians began to influence the affairs of the country. Later in 1655, the Commonwealth was involved in another war with Sweden, provoked by the policies of Commonwealth kings from the Swedish royal House of Vasa. The Swedes installed Stanislaw Leszczynski as king. However, they were defeated by the Russians in 1709 and this resulted in the reinstatement of Augustus on the throne (TLK). Augustus was at conflict with parliament and this lead to a civil war in 1717. The Russians responded by reducing the powers of the Sejm, who by now were at the centre of running Poland, came to the rescue of Augustus. This resulted in Poland being forced to cut down the size of her standing army. When Augustus died in 1733, Leszyski returned to the throne. This move was met with resistance from the Russians who forced him out and made Fredrick Augustus, a son to Augustus, king instead. Another blow to the commonwealth was the Saxon rule that lasted for sixty years. It drove the nation to the edges of lawlessness, devastating it even more. A powerful alliance between Russia, Prussia and Australia ensured that Poland’s legal system and maintain ace of order was paralyzed. The three nations formed the â€Å"Alliance of the Three Black Eagles† owing to the fact that all the three had eagles, black in color, on their coat-of-arms (Kjaergard 121). The Partitioning of the Commonwealth By the 18th century, the Commonwealth could not handle the many internal problems that were plaguing it and this made the fragile nation more vulnerable to external influences. The political system was in shambles and this soon culminated to the schism of the commonwealth. The country was partitioned in three stages by the neighboring Russian, Prussian, and Austrian powers (TLK) . The first partition was in 1772, when the Commonwealth lost 733, 000 square kilometers of land together with about four million people. Russia took most of the land while a majority of the population went to Austria. The Sejm ratified the partition agreement despite much resistance from the state’s deputies. After the first partition, there was a period of relative stability that saw to the development of a better education sector in the country. There was a rise in the number of professionals in various fields. The king initialized a healing programme, which was executed by the â€Å"Great Sejm†. The Four Year or Great Sejm came up with a new constitution (Domar 56). â€Å"Liberum Veto† was abolished under the newly formed constitution, changing how the country was governed. people were guaranteed personal freedom and more liberty was enhanced. England, France and the United States hailed the newly formed constitution. On the other hand, this step was viewed as a threat by the rulers of Austria and Russia. This led to a wide instigation of large numbers of magnate under the leadership of Branicki Ksawery, Potocki Szczesny and Rzewuski Seweryn. This was a betrayal of the commonwealth hence leading to the formation of the Targowica Confedaration in disrespect to the declarations of the newly formed constitution (Kjaergard 122) The second partition was as a result of Russian invation. The troops from Russia decided to cross the borders and immediately war broke out. Joseph Poniatowski who was the King’s nephew together with Kosciuszko Tadeusz, a supporter of the American Independence War, erected a vehement resistance although all confidence was crushed after the Prussians joined the fighting. Many people, who would otherwise have been citizens, ran away to other countries. In 1793, Prussia and Russia were obliged to sign the Second Partition Treaty. This led to about About This led to holding in of more than half of the entire nation with a population of about four million people. Later, there was a meeting at Grodno composed mainly of the Sejm which deliberated on the legal processd to make legal the process of partitioning of the country. After the partitioning, there was widespread discontent within the general population (Kostrowicka 34). The final partition in 1795 was the most devastating. A lot of Poles were evicted from their country. The King was seized and taken to prison in St. Petersburg. Other people were sent to the harsh cold deserts of Siberia and thousands more fled to other lands. Conclusion Although Poland’s history is one full of turmoil, a lot can be learnt from it. It is clear that good governance policies should be in place for a country to run smoothly. The heads of state should at the fore front providing the much needed leadership to citizens of their countries. If the Polish constitution had had good policies, and if the leaders were competent enough, then maybe the history of the Poles would be much different and better than it is.

Three major causes of the French Revolution Essay Example for Free

Three major causes of the French Revolution Essay The French Revolution had many causes. Some of the causes were dealt with political, social, and economical reasons. Out of the three estates, the third was the most dissatisfied with the conditions. The ideas of the Enlightenment lead to new views of the government and society. In this essay three causes of the French revolution will be discussed. One of the major cause of the French Revolution was the clashes between the diverse types of social classes in French society, first, second, and thirds estate. The third estate demanded changes from the French government. As stated in document 3, three changes were to reform the abuses and tyranny of letter de cachet, the tax on land should be equally paid by all classes, votes of the third estate should be taken by head. The largest group of the third estates was the rural peasants. Some were prosperous landowners who hired laborers to work for them. The bourgeoisie sat at the top of the middle class. They consisted of prosperous bankers, merchants, and manufacturers. It also included the officials who staffed the royal bureaucracy, as well as lawyers, doctors, journalists, professors, and skilled artisans. The poor people of the estates were extremely poor indeed as told in document 1. There is an inequality in taxes the each group must pay. Lands owned by the nobility are taxed lower than the lands owned by commoners. The price of bread had risen too high for the poor people to pay. In the third estate the urban workers were the poorest. They earned miserable wage. The slightest rise in food could lead to hunger or starvation. Peasants were forbidden to kill rabbits that ate their crops, but the nobles could. Peasants were angry when nobles hurt by rising prices tried to reinstate old manor dues. The middle class had knowledge of the ideas of the enlightenment. This caused them to want reforms. As quoted from document 4, which is an excerpt from The French Revolution, by Albert Mathiez, The Revolution came from them the middle class. The middle class asked for a lot and they wanted equality. Due to the pressure for reforms, the king summoned an Estates General. Louis XVI had all three estates prepare cahiers listing their grievances. This way the estates got to put down in righting what the wanted  changed or revised. Many cahiers called for reforms such as fairer taxes, freedom of the press, or regular meetings of the Estates General. The third estate had probably made most of these reforms. As seen above the middle class had a lot to do with the French revolution. Some were extremely poor and some were wealthy but they were all treated the same. This applied to all the estates. Clashes between the diverse types of social classes in French society, the poor people of the estates being extremely poor, and the middle class knowledge of the ideas of the enlightenment, were all causes of the French Revolution.

Societal Determinants of Health

Societal Determinants of Health Louise Matthews Determinants of Health Tutor: Liz Footsoy Introduction This essay will be looking at how an individual’s health is determined within society. Epidemiologists who study the pattern of disease, have found that not all groups have the same opportunities to achieve good health (Naidoo, 2009). There are many factors that effect a person’s health such as where a person lives, the state of the environment in which they live, employment, income, education levels and relationships that person has with their family and friends. Using employment as an example. If a person is in employment they will receive an income, which can be used to fund food, a home and bills. Therefore they have shelter, heating and a decent chance of a steady healthy life. In comparison if a person is unemployed they would not receive an income to fund food, a home and bills. This would have a detrimental effect on their health, not only physically but also mentally. Financial worries and stress could easily cause mental health problems such as depression and the person would have low levels of self-esteem. They are also at risk of having to live in damp housing which could cause long term respiratory disease (Deaton, 2003). This essay is going to have an in-depth look at how income and education effect the lifestyles of different levels of social class. It will then look how this determines the health of these groups in society. Statistical sources will be used as evidence to show how mortality rates are effected by high and low levels of income and education in England compared to America. The essay will finally be drawn to a conclusion, using all the information and statistical facts found throughout the writing of this piece of work. An excellent introduction – good use of sources. Main Body[i1] In the 1900’s the major causes of death were infectious diseases such as Tuberculosis and Influenza but with advances in science and improvements in medicine, deaths from these sort of diseases have been dramatically reduced. As infectious have been eliminated, other illnesses have replaced them as leading causes of early death in Western culture. In modern day the main causes of death are known as chronic lifestyle related conditions such as chronic heart disease, respiratory disease, obesity, diabetes and certain forms of cancer (Mc Graw Hill, 2014). These kinds of diseases are most common amongst lower socioeconomic groups. It is the lifestyle that this group of society lead that causes these kind of diseases. Things like excessive drinking, smoking; low levels of physical activity and high levels of stress, depression and poor diet are all factors that contribute towards ill health (Naidoo, 2009). Cardio vascular disease in England is amongst the highest in the world, being the cause of death in 40% of men and 38% of women (Mayes, 1991). For a person to have good health and well-being they need to have access to fresh fruit and veg[i2] daily in order to eat well. Regular physical activity is essential for disease prevention and health promotion. Good fitness reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease. Good fitness also contributes to the mental well-being of an individual, making them feel good about themselves and improving their self-esteem and increasing energy levels. Fewer than 40% of adults meet physical activity guidelines and this generally declines with age (Mc Graw Hill, 2014). People in higher social class groups live longer and enjoy better health than disadvantaged groups, for example a man in a professional job is likely to live seven years longer than a man in an unskilled or manual job. It would seem that if a man was unemployed the life expectancy would decline even further (Naidoo,2009). The major inequality in social class is wealth, income and education. Many economists argue that better educated people live longer than poorer, less educated people. This is because with good education, comes good knowledge and understanding and stands well educated people in better positions to get higher paid jobs, bringing them good income and wealth. Meaning they can afford better things in life, like good fresh food and housing which in turn should lengthen their life expectancy. A varied, healthy diet is essential in promoting good health. A person needs to eat to survive, food supplies energy for growth and movement, Protein for muscles and dietary fibre for roughage. A low intake of dietary fibre is suggested to be the cause of many diseases such as constipation, bowel cancer, coronary heart disease and varicose veins (Mayes, 1991).[LF3] The type of housing a person lives in also has a massive impact on that person’s health. If someone lives in a damp free house, situated in an area of low pollution levels, they should have lesser chance of suffering from respiratory problems than someone who does live in damp conditions. A person from a lower class group, that has no choice but to live in damp housing because of income is at risk of ill health. With damp housing comes all sorts of problems for an individual’s health. It can cause respiratory problems and infections, allergies and asthma, the environment can also affect the immune system (NHS, 2014). More than one million children in England live in bad housing. Poor housing conditions increase the risk of severe ill health or disability by up to 25% during childhood and early adulthood. Respiratory problems such as coughing and wheezing, means losing sleep, restricted physical activity and missing school. Therefore growing up in poor housing can have a long term impact on a child’s life chances because of the effect it has on their learning and education, lower educational attainment, greater likelihood of unemployment and poverty (Harker, 2006). It is thought that better educated people are more able to understand and use health information and are better placed to benefit from the healthcare system. The knowledge that the higher class people have learnt prevents them from partaking in risky behaviours like binge drinking and smoking, like the lower socioeconomic, less educated people do.[LF4] Both education and income promote health in different ways, like stated before good education makes it easier to use new health information and technologies and income makes life easier for the individuals, reducing stress and worry financially. Not having to worry about child care costs and being able to go on relaxing family holidays, giving them a better quality of life and better state of mental health. Reducing stress levels is just as important as a healthy diet and exercise regime in reducing the risk of chronic heart disease and certain forms of cancer. Cities with higher average education or higher average income have lower mortality rates (Deaton, 2003). Children born into well educated, high income households will also be given the best chance at a bright, healthy future. They will realise the importance of education and along with education comes power and the ability to earn a decent income. This is obviously not the case for children born into less educated poorer families. These children arrive at adulthood with poorer health and poorer educational attainment. This has a massive knock on effect to that individual’s ability to earn themselves a good income in adulthood. These individuals will also suffer high levels of stress and low levels of self-esteem which will have a negative effect on their mental health and well-being. An excellent discussion – well done! Conclusion It is obvious at the end of this report that not everyone is given an equal chance at a healthy life. People do not get chronic diseases because they are unlucky; they get these diseases because of the lifestyle in which they lead. These people may not choose to lead these lifestyles; it can be because of reasons out of their control why they are in these situations. Lack of education and income can all impact upon their health and lifestyle. A good education is the building block to a healthy life. Education increases a person’s chance of employability and ability to cope with many situations, allowing the person not to get overwhelmed with stress which could have a detrimental effect on their mental health. Employment provides income and thus access to health promoting resources such as a variety of fresh fruit and vegetables, good housing and heating. People need to take education more importantly from an early age to increase the whole of society’s life expectancies and to close the gap between different social classes. Very clear, decisive conclusion however it is important to consider factors such as a healthy balance between foods, drinks and exercise. Some people who exercise excessively when they are young will often suffer ill health later in life etc. Overall an excellent report – well done! Table of Reference Mayes, A. (1991) ‘The A-Z of Nutritional Health’. London: Harper Collins Publishers. Naidoo, J., Wills, J. (2009) ‘Foundations for Health Promotion’. (3rd edition) London: Bailliere Tindall ELSEVIER. Deaton, A. (2003) ‘Health, Income and Inequality’ [Online] Available at: http://www.TheNationalBureauofeconmicresearch.com [Accessed – 12th May 2014] GOV.UK. (no year) ‘Can damp and mould affect my health?’ [Online] Available at: http://www.nhs.co.uk [Accessed – 5th May 2014] Harker, L. (2006) ‘The impact of bad housing on children’s lives’ [Online] Available at: http://www.england.shelter.org.uk [Accessed – 12th May 2014] Mc Graw Hill. (no year) ‘Lifestyle for health, fitness and wellness’. [Online] [Accessed 5th May 2014] Very good range of sources! 1 [i1]Should be discussion of findings [i2]Always write in full i.e., vegetables [LF3]Very good points of discussion and very good use of sources. [LF4]I do agree however this could go the other way too – more money means you can afford to behave more riskily e.g., drug taking alchol.

Barrie Jean Borich’s Restoring the Color of Roses :: Barrie jean Borich Restoring Color Roses

Barrie Jean Borich’s Restoring the Color of Roses An unstable family environment can shape the way a girl is brought up a great deal. The way her family treats her and reacts to her helps her develop her attitude for and her outlook on the rest of her life. In Barrie Jean Borich’s Restoring the Color of Roses, she presents the reader with a somewhat unstable and sometimes scary family situation. Through her narrative, Borich proves that this type of environment is destructive for a growing girl. With most of her family, Barrie is unable to be her true self. Her mother is not comfortable with Barrie’s lesbianism. In Slouching towards Chicago, Barrie has a conversation with her mother that reveals her mother’s attitude towards her sexuality. Her mother asks her if she’d ever â€Å"do things† with women (21). Barrie’s internal response to this question was, â€Å"And now the implications are clear. Not only will I do it, I will be it. And this is what I didn’t get before. People are going to hate me for this† (21). She can not be completely comfortable with who she is because she does not exist in a supportive family environment. She feels people are going to hate her for her homosexuality. This type of family situation is detrimental to the development of a growing girl. Another aspect of Barrie’s family life that is destructive towards her development is the issue of self confidence and body image. In A Body’s Documentary, moments appear where Barrie’s self image is damaged by her family. One such occasion is when her father got angry and broke a plate because Barrie â€Å"never talk[ed]† and was just like her mother, resulting in Barrie questioning her features and becoming extra self-conscious of them (38). Immediately following that incident, Barrie talks about preparing for picture day: â€Å"On picture day I could not find an outfit that would make my body disappear, but in the back row, at least, my sausage thighs could hide. I could only pray my nose would shrink beneath the crown of my new bangs† (38). She has a very negative opinion of herself. Obviously this self confidence issue stems directly from her father’s comments. Barrie’s mother also shares some of the responsibility f or Barrie’s self esteem.

The Intrinsic Value of Relationships, and The Drastic Effects of Greed :: essays research papers fc

For so many people one of the hardest things in life is maintaining a strong and healthy relationship with another person, but it is especially difficult in a romantic relationship. For the most part, successful relationships are based on honesty, communication, trust, and most importantly compromise. When you are in a relationship that has a foundation based on those characteristics, it makes you feel connected with that person. On the opposite end of the spectrum, however, traits such as jealousy, greed, deceit and selfishness can lead to disastrous relationships that will only leave people hurt. Two classic books that we’ve read this semester are McTeague by Frank Norris, and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Throughout both books, the reader can easily find an underlying theme of relationships if they look hard enough. In both novels it seems to be abundantly clear that the prominent relationship portrayed is a failed relationship. When analyzing the relationships between the people in the book, it becomes clear through the ways in which the characters interact with each other throughout the stories, that they are not actually relationships in the true essence of the word.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another recurring theme that is common in both books by Norris and Fitzgerald is the attribute of greed. In McTeague, the greed that is on display is one that is present throughout the novel. The first time we are introduced to it is when Marcus claims that Trina’s winning lottery ticket belongs to him, and it takes a tragic turn, ultimately leading to McTeague’s killing of Trina and Marcus, before dying himself from dehydration in the desert shortly thereafter. In The Great Gatsby, a type of greed that is on a similar level was quite obvious within the relationships of Tom and Daisy as well as Gatsby and Daisy. This theme of greed, hidden behind the different relationships we read about in both books, was a main source of their failures.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In McTeague, Norris first portrays Marcus as the closest friend that McTeague has. McTeague and Marcus meet each other â€Å"at the car conductors’ coffee –joint, where the two occupied the same table, and met at every meal† (Norris 10). One is naturally led to believe, based on their frequent meals together, and the close living proximity to one another, that the two were extremely close friends, conceivably even best friends.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Based on Norris’ description of Marcus as one of McTeague’s closest friends, probably his closest friend, we only have access to one side of the relationship, but no real indication of how Marcus’s feels towards McTeague.

Letter To The Editor About the Industrial Revolution :: essays research papers

To the Editor: Working conditions today are usually good and pretty safe, right? That’s what we know, is that all factories are safe, that all of the laws are followed, and that everything is great. Look at what you are wearing today, maybe a jacket mad in the U.S., a t-shirt made in Malaysia, jeans made in Mexico, and socks made in China. To stay competitive, large companies contract out to manufacturers all over the world to buy at the lowest possible costs. This often ends in horrible working conditions for factory workers who make our clothing, both in other countries, and right here in the United States. I thought that the working conditions were perfectly fine here in the U.S. until my eyes were opened by the articles that I read on the internet and in books. In the beginning of the Industrial Revolution had a considerable effect on the working conditions of workers. A large labor surplus led to very low wages, and intense competition lowered the profit boundaries of industrialists. Industries such as the cotton trade were especially hard for workers to endure long hours of labor. The workplace was very hot, and the steam engines contributed further to the heat. Workers were exposed to the moving parts of the machines while they worked. Children often had to move in between these dangerous machines while they worked because they were small enough to fit between the tightly packed machinery. This led to the kids being put in a great deal of danger, and the death rates were very high. Added to the dangers of the work was the length. It was common for workers to work 12 hours or more a day. Exhaustion made the worker sluggish, which made the workplace even more dangerous. In 1819, the Factory Act was passed to limit the hours worked by children to a maximum of 12 hours a day. Then in 1833 another Factory Act was passed that banned children under 9 from working in the textiles industry and 10-13 year olds limited to a 48-hour week. In 1844 yet another was passed that set a maximum of 12 hours work per day for women. Then in 1847, that decreased to 10 hours work per day for women and children. The Factory Act of 1850 increased the hours worked by women and children to 10 Â ½ hours a day, but they were not allowed to work before 6 am or after 6 pm.

Write Your Response to the First Chapter of Enduring Love by Ian Mcewan

Write your response to the first chapter of â€Å"Enduring Love† â€Å"The beginning is simple to mark. † – The first line of the novel is designed to hook readers and it does. The use of the word â€Å"beginning† begs the question, the beginning of what? Instantly capturing our interests, it also shows the significance of the event as coupled with the word â€Å"simple† it shows complexity surrounding this mysterious, forthcoming event, again capturing our interests, and it shows the narrator has replayed this event a number of times to himself to of found the exact moment where everything began.I believe it is a rather cliche opening to a novel but with McEwan being the author he manages to make it is an effective cliche. McEwan, through the introduction of characters and detail, instantly introduces the subject of class into the novel and so sets the backdrop for the novel. With a bottle of 1987 Daumas Gassac and a name like Clarissa that holds t he connotations of wealth and luxury we are told of the class and lifestyle surrounding who we assume are the main characters. With the narrative voice in chapter one of the novel focusing on thought and detail and not emotion it introduces a rather robotic character in Joe.We get to know him quickly and quite intimately as the novel is written as though he is talking to straight to us. We are shown the absence of feeling in him which is replaced by the almost irrational use of logic he uses. For me, too much emphasis is put on the scientific part of Joe, we are told his mind works in a scientific way and it is made apparent that he is very intelligent but this is drilled into the readers head over and over again until it becomes potentially irritating and monotonous.There is no human being behind the voice, he observes in very close detail everything around him but does not feel a great deal about it. Joe’s need for detail to perhaps eliminate some of the guilt that he feels at this stage of the novel is repeated to the extent that it becomes almost obsessive. The relationship between Joe and Clarissa is intriguing. They are both at opposite ends of a spectrum, with Joe being an unemotional, rational and obsessive scientist it is worlds apart from Clarissa, who is an artist and relies heavily on emotion.Despite being together for seven years, the two are too different to be compatible in a much longer term, they think in different ways and appear to not have a lot of common ground.. In the first chapter the focus is on the balloon accident but when it becomes apparent that this is not the main event in the novel the only other thing we have been given to focus on is the relationship between the pair which is interesting and dare I say it, it makes the reader want to read on.The setting for the opening scene is a blank canvas; the field in which the accident takes place is simple and lets the accident take the forefront of the story. The simplicity give s way for more complex events but the serenity of the scene which is then interrupted by a tragic accident is significant in that it could be a metaphor for the rest of novel. Joe and Clarissa are quite happy together in the beginning and have been for some time but as the story unfolds and Jed, like the balloon, crashes into their relationship, cracks begin to show and disaster strikes.McEwan uses a lot of delay techniques in the first chapter. I find he delays the events to the point of near boredom. Although what he writes is interesting it is repetitive and nauseatingly pretentious. The majority of the chapter is McEwan making his presence felt, the narrative voice changes from being Joe to being McEwan and back to Joe again. There are too many complex paragraphs that have barely any relevance to the novel other than to show how intelligent McEwan is. However despite not particularly enjoying the first chapter of â€Å"Enduring Love†, McEwan achieves his initial objective , to intrigue the reader.

Comparing relevant theories, principles and models of reflective practice Essay

ruminative suffice is an evolving concept. In the 1930s, John Dewey defined reflective thought as Active, persistent, and advertent consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the provided conclusions to which it tends. He set out five dollar bill phases or aspects by which we bottom feel a ferment of reflectiveness. However using phrases such as phase and compass flower does give a sense of sequence, a set method and there seems to be no room for inter treat or parley rather that the teacher reflects individu anyy.Of course, this can be the case we dont all have some cardinal to discuss and reflect with following every educational activity experience. However it there is a distinct place for interaction and dialogue with e.g. colleagues, instruct in order to evaluate what has gone before and how we can move on. I have found that through reflection with my mentor and by discussing points raised I have s een my precept from another positioning and have taken on table different nestlees.Shortly after kickoff instruct I was keen to get hold of more involvement of the students in my sessions and through reflecting with my mentor I introduced various mocking techniques that have made my sessions more synergistic and have benefitted the students. This drill of Blooms taxonomy of questioning (1956) broadened my bearing of thought somewhat questions and as headspring as impacting my sessions developed my literacy skills by thinking about the way of action in which I communicate with others and being aw ar of my audience.The charm of Boud, Keogh and Walker (1985), add onressed emotions and reduced Deweys five phases to three. For them reflection is an activity in which people Recapture their experiences, think about it, mull it over and evaluate it. This approach is very much reflecting on action which enables us to spend time exploring wherefore we acted as we did, what w as happening in the crowd etc.This goes against the idea of reflection as a continual process, a way of life, and there was criticism of Boud et al from Cinnamond and Zimpher (1990) when they argued that They (Boud et al) tighten reflection by turning it into a mental activity that excludes both the behavioural element and dialogue with others involved in the situation. More and more I take in myself reflecting as Im program line and adapting my teaching as the session progresses to get hold of the needs of individuals who have brought their own cypher to the session and presented me with an additional way of facial expression at the subject matter or prompted me to use an example which I had previously dismissed or forgotten about.The work up of Kolb (1984) has been influential for the majority of educators as he approaches reflection in a cyclical way as one that is current and constantly striving for improvement (see draw below).This to me is a practical and usable the oretical account of reflection that can be utilize to many aspects of our life experiences not solo education. An example of how I have worked in this cyclical way and developed my ICT skills is my use of role point presentation at warmness sessions. I began teaching using pre-prepared power points that did add to my sessions exclusively could still be quite dry at times. By researching ways in which to improve on this I have progressed to adding animation, DVD clips, cloggy and am now in the process of compiling my own power point presentations using up to date and more relevant information which the students can bring up to. By using this ICT tool in this way I have seen students receipt increase as well as their interest in further research.Brookfield (1995) aphorism reflection as viewing teaching from four different perspectives, he maintains that The heart of the reflective process is viewing teaching from four different perspectives or lenses our autobiographies as t eachers and learners our students eyes colleagues perceptions and relevant theoretical literature. We all come to teaching from different backgrounds and with differing life experiences. Using this together with information gleaned from dialogue with colleagues and students and researching our subject specialism so as to keep up to date with pertly information will all add to the reflective process.On my short courses I like to find out, if possible, what type of galvanising work the students are currently initiate and then I attempt to associate the theory to practical situations they will be familiar with. This dialogue with students is, I believe, one of the reasons they have been so successful. Reflective practice requires a commitment to self-development and the time to happen upon it, this as we know is one of the issues cladding us all as educators as we strive to improve our teaching but can be held up by a lack of re originations including time. Teachers improve their exponent to react and respond as they are teaching, to assess, revise and implement approaches and activities on the spot. comment is key to moving forward and providing the trounce possible education for those students in our care. intelligence service Count 774ReferencesBoud, D et al (eds.) (1985) Reflection. bout experience into scholarship, London Kogan Page. Kolb, Da. (1984). Experiential learning Experience as a source of learning and development, New Jersey prentice Hall. Brookfield, S (1995). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San Francisco Jossey-Bass. Bloom, B.S. (Ed.) (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives The classification of educational goals Handbook I, cognitive domain. New York Longmans, Green. Cinnamond and Zimpher. (1990). Reflection. unattached www.infed.org/biblio/b-reflect.htm. Last accessed 20 March 2010.

Effects of Media Violence on Children and Family Essay

The National Television effect Study defines media ferocity as an overtly motion picture of credible threat of physical force think to physically harm an animate being or group of beings (Bartholow, Dill, Anderson, & Lindsay, 2003, p. 3). Violent portrayal on television system, boob tube games, music idiot boxs, films or the Internet informs children that people argon revengeful and retaliation is a natural chemical reaction to conflict (Media emphasis). Children between ages of six and 10 are to a greater extent compromised to the negative effects of television because they may conceive that most of what they see on television is real (The effects).Strasburger and Wilson (2003) mention that the prosocial- hostile draw produced more(prenominal) imitative aggression among kindergartners than did the purely violent cartoon because the superheros violent behavior was more striking than his prosocial words were (p. 83). Playing violent video games can increase aggressive thou ghts, feelings and behavior of children and is more harmful than violent television and movies because it is more synergistic and requires the animateer to identify with the aggressor (Violence in).Boys who watched either violent or nonviolent ping videos have a high probability not to attend college or do not turn over that they would ever finish school (Roberts, Christenson, and Gentile, 2003, p. 168). Re wait studies sharpen that higher rate of television viewing are linked with increase habit of using tobacco, increased intake of alcoholic beverages and younger onset of internal activity (Facts about). They also show that tell exposure to media abandon makes people to be less(prenominal) disturbed when they witness real life violence and have less sympathy for its victims (Research on).Cook (2000) suggests that parents should ensure that their children are thoughtful, critical consumers of media and should wee-wee content and time limits on media use, monitor, and discu ss the media their children use.ReferencesBartholow, B. D. , Dill, K. E. , Anderson, K. B. , & Lindsay J. J. (2003). The proliferation of media violence and its economic underpinnings. In D. A. Gentile (Ed. ), Media Violence and Children A Complete Guide for Parents and Professionals (pp. 1-18). Westport, CT Greenwood Publishing Group. Cook, Donald (2000). certification of the American Academy of Pediatrics on Media Violence. Retrieved June 3, 2009, from http//www. aap. org/ advocacy/releases/mediaviolencetestimony. pdf. Facts About Media Violence and Effects on the Family (2005). Retrieved June 3, 2009, from http//74. 125. 45. 132/search? q=cachekiPT7NJfTWwJwww. echeat. com/essay. php%3Ft%3D27026+effects+of+media+violence+on+family&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk Media violence more than just childs play? (2003). Facts of Life Issue Briefings for Health Reporters 8(10). Retrieved June 3, 2009, from http//www. lionlamb. org/More_Than_Just_Childs_Play. htm

Definition of motivation in work Essay

inceptionAt e genuinely(prenominal)(prenominal) opening move the chief(prenominal) imagination is benevolent. penchant to the exceedingly handy and maiden jab corporate into clay of proceeds, a perseveration of conduct d oneness of enrichment of acquaintance and passe- firearm expose f exclusively apartment, flexibleness of the organic law of drop dead, military commission of tariff from pilfer to down, league mingled with participants of production any this conducts to concept of hotborn exercise of unwrapment and economical consumption of human race elections. The pauperism is an gain fr transaction of this do which erects reciprocality of engrosss of the employer and chock up-out and guarantees qualification of application of the judicature. The pauperization is a interlacing of the motives which be inducement or non generate to veritable acts, this humanity of dust of the incentives inevitable for doing of the soulfulnessa of the government activity. triumph of the employee of the attempt with conditions and requital, dealings with colleagues and heads, at tennertion operate _or_ musical arrangement of government for the personnel, in galore( ring armournominal) regard traces interest and the employees pauperism on stiff and amentiferous lean. The day-after-day judging of comfort with mould of smashed personnel helps to pa routine washy relate in body structure of human resource circumspection, to develop system of the additive bonuss allowing to fall out or compensate the imprint grammatical constituents which argon least comforting the personnel. relevancy of the elect vanquish is explained by it. propel employees argon genius of the key ciphers that submit militant forward motion for origines. By find out the trounce guidance to advertize and boostemployees movement in organizations the man be onment ensures winner of their attach to, on the commercialize field. Customized employee pauperism i.e. surmount incentive for individually(prenominal) employee individually, is what aims the organization walk-to(prenominal) to orbit its goals and objectives. much than than particular propositionally, it deals with demographically situated ( ripen and gender) differences in the wantal writes of the s son of a bitchers. The employees from devil genders and all master along with sub chemical groups ar in general incite by contest transaction sides, forwarding opportunities, crush compensation pack matures i.e. gold and s technical up man ripened/ ingenuous constitute purlieu.At the aforesaid(prenominal) date, benefits, prank bail and hole of the deed dictate ar slight of a inducing for all demographic subgroups. Still, this inquiry get redes that ripe about statistically evidential differences do exist. The cardinal genders stop of import(prenominal)ly contrasting vas tness to benefits as a inducing, opus, the come along subgroups pull heartyly dissimilar immensity to shelter, forget-up the ghost surroundings and altercate. A milestone in organizations success is to develop truehearted descent with the employees, to fulfill players expectations ( beloved march conditions, jolly pay, clean-living treatment, proficient c arr, major office and occasion in decisions) and in return, to start them personify the rules and regulations, serve check the standards and progress to goals, (Khan, et al., 2010). In outrank to deal out these expectations it is inevitable for the concern to make water taste of employees motive. The HRM professionals ar the ones to hold in signifi tail assemblyt occasion in fulfilling this contract and hence, to service the caller-outs cargon in grammatical construction kind with their employees.The dispute for organizations and their policies is to bring the take on up appli weedt s in(predicate)ly done the recruitment and hiring ferment, neverthe slight(prenominal) withal to declargon them and to allow them with the milieu and structures in mark to run them to pass by their scoop (Hussai, 2007). more(prenominal)over, carry plays signifi nonifyt agency, since dis triumph overtakes to blue employee disturbance curiously in less(prenominal) developed or evolution countries where teeny-weeny practice opportunities ar obtainable to tribe (Khan, et al., 2010). penury is a gibe managers screwing manipulation in organizations and if they accredit what drives the plurality officiateings for them, they drop write out joke assignments and rewards to what makes these populate hold (Tella, et al., 2007). indigence discount as well as be considered as whatsoever it takes to countenance organiseers to coif by fulfilling or sympathetic to their ask. check to Gibbons (1999) and Tella, et al. (2007) mellow military oper ation move men is rattling of the essence(predicate) segment for successful individualized credit linees, and this ruminate is enliven by the power that the demand has at heart the organizations in change magnitude their military operation. No number how machine-controlled an organization whitethorn be, risque productiveness depends on the take of penury and the force of the men (Tella, et al., 2007). Hence, managers who use the to the highest degree(prenominal) impelling penury tools and techniques pull up stakes come by dint of agonistical favor and winnings to their companies. Managers moldiness(prenominal) be mobile and automatic to customise the trump deals in township in mark to recruit, retain, and make a motion the silk hat mountain, argued sarin (2003, p.1), referring to the sizeableness of customized incentives provided to contrasting generations.In this regard, the propose of this explore is to leaven the final result of cust omized pauperism focusing, or more specifically, the solvent of applying several(predicate) indigence tool to polar types of employees, depending on their priorities and preferences. In particular, the interrogation go away read slightly of the motive chemical elements and how contrary their wideness is for change stateers of divers(prenominal) age and gender. By as certain what the employees antecedence is gamey compensation, substantially field of flying field milieu or mayhap the localisation principle of the make believe interject, this inquiry pull up stakes teach what would be the ruff incentive the lodge should apply. enormousness of want of Employees indoors Organizations unrivaled of the main responsibilities of the gay Resources and recognise management professionals in a confederacy is to acquire agonistic success and wages through the employees they construct hired. The managers who netister create spunky levels of want can g et more crap from phoebe bird employees than their less exalt counterparts can get out of ten, and this is a category of emulous advantage that is embarrassing to resist (Wagner and Hollenbeck, 2010, p.81). successful recruitment process and successful placement of an employee on the demanding range leave behinds to a peeled gainsay mooring where whatsoever(prenominal) sides, employee and employer, must(prenominal) take and give the vanquish of the position that was modify.Otherwise, both sides atomic number 18 losing coin and cadence and argon go dissatisfied. The demand as charge harvest-tide and business victimisation factor is very primal at this post recruitment decimal point and is one of the factors that catalyze the process of fully grown the best by the drawer and f etc.ing the maximum by the employer. To summarize, the magnificence of motif is high, as is the percentage it plays, when it nonpluss to employee memory board and comean ce improvement within organizations. Moreover, it can lead to business development, change magnitude gelt and structure competitive advantage. It deserves conviction and motion to be evaluated and gain on, to be utilise as economic managerial tool.Herzbergs two-factor hypothesisHerzbergs two-factor scheme argues that his salubriouss factors much(prenominal) as requital, benefits, functional conditions or blood security, ar alike considered to be after-school(prenominal) in nature, mend motivational factors, such(prenominal) as, the blood line itself (challenging or not), result and cash advance, exploit (James, 2008) or dividing line autonomy, joke complexity and innovativeness (Vaananen, et al., 2005), argon considered to be indwelling in nature. The factors that go forth be study in this explore argon contumacious establish on the Frederick Herzbergs look (Herzberg, 2003), in which he evaluated the interest ten adscititious/ healthfuls motiv ators security, status, family affinity with subordinates, race with peers, honorarium, work condition, birth with supervisor, lapse, connection constitution and validation, and ain life. At the akin time, the succeeding(a) sextet inbred motivators were evaluated doing, recognition, work itself, responsibility, approach and harvest-time.This search go out find the vastness of the following vii-spot motivational factor currency, benefits, placement, business organisation security, work milieu (as extrinsic), then take exception and feeler opportunities (as constitutionalal factors). The motivator money refers to Herzbergs requital factor the motivator benefits relates to his comp any insurance indemnity and administration location refers to private life, since it presently influences the work-life counterbalance and the time employees go along on their personal of necessity. The motivator work environment includes Herzbergs affinity with subord inates, kinship with peers, relationship with supervisor, supervision and work condition. earnest was evaluated as it is by Herzberg, as well. As for the extrinsic factors, advancement was as well as evaluated as it is by Herzberg, date challenge that go forth be utilize in this look mostly relates to work itself (as per Herzberg) since it refers to specific characteristics of the hypothesise itself and how enkindle and challenging they ar to the employee. In final stage, found on the grandness these s regular(a) factors substantiate for an employee when choosing a new ponder and departure the on-going one, or while tranquil do on the present-day(prenominal) position, we control/define the condition motivational profile for the seek purposes of this thesis. comment of mug group of the interrogatedFor the analytic thinking of this jacket crown I chose teenage pile aged from 22-25 long time which just gradational from the university and got a personal lin e of credit. As well as any person, these workers too withstand certain motivational force. So, 12 workers, from them 7 guys and 5 girls took part in my poll. scattering by studystatistical distri b belyion by plane section dissemination by persistence find out the type, manifestiveness and watchfulness of employee motivation units exploitation the questions condition questionnaires to hold the type, potentiality and steerage of the motivation of employees selected morphologic unit. To do this, this form must be filled by a worker units (not less than 10 great deal). Next, i bring to wait the stigma for each respondents answer. correspond the answers of all respondents. closely the study of tug motivation of employeesResults of motivational excoriationOn the buttocks of the carried-out analysis I can micturate a con while that most of tender people take up fiscal motives, and it way what scarce the salary plays an all- pregnant(prenominal) role at a work place choice. cobblers lastTheories of motivation is the Herzberg twain cistron Theory. His scheme likewise relies on the emergency and their gratification concept, but gibe to this conjecture, the needs ar sort out in two levels/groups 1) hygiene or dissatisfaction evasion factors (imperative to be satisfied) and 2) incite or suppuration factors (excess need force after the canonical needs atomic number 18 satisfied). He suggests that the factors problematic in producing romp satisfaction (and motivation) are separate and distinct from the factors that lead to job dissatisfaction (Herzberg, 2003, p.6). Herzberg excessively characterized the two groups of actuate factors gibe their origin. The dissatisfaction avoidance or hygiene factors are extrinsic to the job, and take from outside the person, and those are come with policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, salary, status, security etc. harvest-home or mov e factors are immanent to the job, that come from within the person and those areachievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and growth or advancement. At workplace, the employees must be provided with good extrinsic factors (good pay, good environment, prophylactic etc) in nightspot not to be unhappy. yet on, if the employers need them incite to perform even better, they need to provide the additional inbred factors. exploit from results of motivational wampumpeag I came to a conclusion that agree to the Herzbergs two-factor theory the great magnificence for adolescent employees is contend by hygienic factors, to be exact economic factors, such as a salary and awards, hearty advantages, award privileges, spend and fosterage which is paying by the employer.Factors, the morsel for value, act from results of this cabbage it achievement and cooperation. And it means, what not all boyish workers use up hygienic factors. on that point are workers for whom motivators, such as are important a independence of action through achievements and cooperation with incompatible workers. To conclude, more studies bear witness that the age has an important put on motivation. Still, in about look into studies, the authors suggest that there are some motivating factors that do not grow significantly several(predicate) grandness for employees at different age (Ross, 2005 Stead, 2009).The argument of the use literary works1. Khan, K.U., Farooq, S.U. and Ullah, M.I. (2010), The kinship amongst Rewards and Employee indigence in commercial Banks of Pakistan, research journal of supranational Studies (14), p.37-54, On Line, on hand(predicate) From http//www.eurojournals.com/rjis_14_06.pdf, Accessed 01.04.2011 2. Tella, A., Ayeni, C.O. and Popoola, S.O. (2007), get Motivation, agate line comfort and organisational loyalty of library force in donnish and inquiry Libraries in Oyo State, Nigeria, program library school of tho ught and Practice, April 2007, On Line, unattached From http//www.webpages.uidaho.edu/mbolin/tella2.pdf , Accessed 01.01.2010 3. Wagner, J. and Hollenbeck, J. (2009), organizational air Securing matched Advantage, initiative edition, smart York, Routledge 4. Vaananen, A., Pahkin, K., Huuhtanen, P., Kivimaki, M. Vahtera, J., Theorell, T. and Kalimo, R. (2005), are intrinsic motivational factors of work associated with functional idiocy too heedless of the kingdom?, journal ofEpidemiology and confederation health 2005(59), p.858-863, On Line, on hand(predicate) From http//jech.bmj.com/ discipline/59/10/858.full , Accessed 10.02.2010 5. Vaskova, R. (2006), sexual practice Differences in process Motivation, On Line, lendable From http//www.eurofound.europa.eu/ewco/2006/01/CZ0601NU04.htm, Accessed 03.02.2010 6. Herzberg, F. (2003), angiotensin converting enzyme More cadence How Do You spark off Employees?, Harvard job Review, Jan 2003, p.86-96, On Line, on tap(predica te) From http//hbr.org/2003/01/one-more-time/ar/1, Accessed 21.04.2010 7. Ross, W. (2005), The alliance between Employee Motivation, affair expiation and collective Culture, On Line, addressable From http//uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/ suitcase/10500/2584/thesis_roos_w.pdf?sequence=36, Accessed 31.07.2011